Review. Clean Power 2030 Action Plan. What does it mean for Brighton & Hove?
Rebecca Tekleyesus
(This paper can also be downloaded as a pdf here)
Key points
The Government’s Clean Power 2030 Action Plan sets ambitious targets to achieve (mostly) clean power by 2030, at a cost of £40bn per year. Electrification is the key solution, endorsed by the independent Climate Change Committee in the 7th Carbon Budget.
Brighton and Hove’s Decarbonisation Pathway is consistent with national targets, with a new, realistic target of effective decarbonisation of the power system (including transport) by 2040.
Six issues arise for Brighton and Hove. These are
Accelerating Large Scale Renewable Generation – but with compensation for those adversely affected;
Unreliable renewables need gas as a back-up – but reform of the wholesale market by decoupling gas prices will be key to reducing the cost of energy at peak times;
Increasing supply locally means more solar on domestic properties, but regulation will be needed to mandate investment, especially in the rental sector;
Public support and investment will be needed to encourage and incentivise electric domestic heating and the take-up of electric vehicles;
Managing demand: smart appliance rollout and domestic retrofit is key to reducing consumer bills in the long term; and
The over-riding problem of just transition: tackling inequality and energy poverty.
Thus, Brighton & Hove’s plans to achieve Net Zero by roughly 2040 align. in terms of timeline, scale, and ambition, with the Government’s aim to decarbonise the grid by 2030. However, there are potential areas of conflict between the local and national level regarding the benefits of renewable generation sites.
Additionally, the high number of private renters in Brighton & Hove, as well as the issue of energy inequality, means that many of the most vulnerable in the City will be penalised by the inability to fund electrification of their homes and cars. Work must be done to ensure a just transition in Brighton & Hove is an absolute priority for the City.
1. The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan
The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan draws on analysis by the National Energy System Operator (NESO). It sets out the Government’s plan to decarbonise the power system in the UK by 2030. By 2030, clean sources will produce ‘at least as much power as Great Britain consumes in total over the whole year, and at least 95% of Great Britain’s generation; reducing the carbon intensity of our generation from 171gCO2e/kWh in 2021 to well below 50gCO2e/kWh in 2030’. To achieve this, there will need to be rapid deployment of new renewable energy generation across the UK (Figure 1).
Figure 1
Installed capacity in 2030 in the NESO ‘Further Flex and Renewables’ and ‘New Dispatch’ scenarios, compared to current installed capacity (GW)
Source: The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan
The key focus of the Clean Power Plan is electrification and investing in clean electrical generation. The latest UK Carbon Budget, covering the period to 2042, as recommended by the independent Climate Change Committee (CCC), supports electrification: ‘In many key areas, the best way forward is now clear. Electrification and low-carbon electricity supply make up the largest share of emissions reduction in our pathway’ (Pg 10).
Most of the projects required will be undertaken by the private sector, so the Government’s role is to set the regulatory, planning and policy environment to facilitate this: reforming grid connections and upgrading transmission network infrastructure, speeding up planning and consenting processes for clean power projects, reforming the electricity markets, building supply chains, and upskilling the workforce. This will take the average yearly investment in the power system between 2025 and 2030, from £11 billion to £40 billion (The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan Pg 10).
Key to this is the prioritising of the grid connections queue process, to ensure that projects necessary to creating the correct ‘energy mix’ are accelerated, as many are already in the pipeline (ibid pg 9). This will be facilitated by the Planning and Infrastructure Bill, which is currently making its way through Parliament (ibid Pg 57).
2. Clean power plans in Brighton & Hove
Brighton & Hove City Council declared a climate emergency in 2018, and set the aim to be a carbon neutral City by 2030. However, as a result of inadequate progress and constrained budgets, the Council now says it will ‘continue to aim for a 2030 target for maximising decarbonisation on its own estate’, but believes a 2040 net zero target to be more realistic for the City as a whole (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 7) At the end of last year, Brighton & Hove City Council launched their Decarbonisation Pathways Study at an event hosted by Climate:Change. Although not a fully formed plan, the Study identified opportunities and scenarios for decarbonisation in the City. The pathway that described the most accelerated action by Government, communities, and industry, as well as individual households, was titled ‘Leading the Way’. In this scenario, by 2040 only ~ 30ktCO2 remains to be offset which is roughly aligned with the (adjusted) goal of carbon neutrality by 2040 (ibid Pg 7),
3. Issues arising
Six issues arise in considering the implementation of these plans:
Accelerating Large Scale Renewable Generation – but with compensation for those adversely affected;
Unreliable renewables need gas as a back-up – but reform of the wholesale market by decoupling gas prices will be key to reducing the cost of energy at peak times;
Increasing supply locally means more solar on domestic properties, but regulation will be needed to mandate investment, especially in the rental sector;
Public support and investment will be needed to encourage and incentivise electric domestic heating and the take-up of electric vehicles;
Managing demand: smart appliance rollout and domestic retrofit is key to reducing consumer bills in the long term; and
The over-riding problem of just transition: tackling inequality and energy poverty.
Accelerating Large Scale Renewable Generation – but with compensation for those adversely affected
First, regarding large scale renewable deployment, such as offshore wind, Brighton & Hove City Council stated that that was ‘out of scope’. Though they have considered onshore wind as a potential consideration, they found that the Brighton & Hove seafront was not suitable, nor were non-coastal areas which fall on protected downland (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 59).
However, this is worth revisiting as the Government looks to reform local-consented energy infrastructure by updating the Planning Practice Guidance in 2025 for renewable developments, and deploying a £46 million package of investment into the planning system to support training and recruitment (The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan Pg 56). This may make the installation of onshore wind in Brighton & Hove more attractive. However, environmental considerations are also important.
It is worth noting the approved upgrades to already existing wind farms in the surrounding area. The Rampion offshore wind farm site, sitting 13km from the Brighton & Hove coast, was awarded consent from the Government for an expansion, titled Rampion 2. This new development would consist of 90 wind turbines, subsea cables to Climping Beach, and then an underground cable route to take the power to a new substation at Oakendene before final connection into the transmission network at Bolney.
While Brighton & Hove City Council, in principle, support the creation of Rampion 2, they have stated a few objections which mirror other debates occurring across the country. The Council, in their Local Impact Report, ‘note[s] the lack of socio-economic benefit the scheme would deliver to Brighton & Hove, despite the City bearing the long-term brunt of the seascape impact, and the visual impact from those using the coast … the only socio-economic impacts resulting from the scheme are negative as a result of impacts on the significant tourism economy’ (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 16).
The Council argues that compensation should be awarded, in the form of contribution to the restoration of the Maderia Terrace and a package of community benefit, as well as seeking a Skills and Employment Strategy to allow workers in Brighton & Hove to access new green jobs (Brighton & Hove City Council, p. 16). In East Anglia, a similar controversy over natural beauty has taken hold, with Ofgem confirming initial funding for the development of 114 miles of overhead electricity pylons to be built from (near) Norwich to Tilbury. This is to the dismay of some local groups, despite community benefit packages already being offered, with households within 500m getting discounts from energy bills of £2,500 over 10 years.
A feature of the energy transition appears to be the backlash from local communities regarding the development of renewable infrastructure in their area. Local communities often believe that the development of net zero infrastructure will have no positive impact on them and yet they will bear the costs. We can see, with Brighton & Hove City Council’s response to Rampion 2, that the key local policy solution is to extract some sort of concession from the project developers e.g. funding for some project or skills programme, so that the benefits are immediately felt by the community.
In the Decarbonisation Pathway, Brighton & Hove City Council estimate that the most accelerated net zero efforts in the City (described in the Leading the Way pathway) would bring roughly 2,500 additional jobs to the City Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 71). Additionally, there is discussion of policy delivery of decarbonisation projects in other cities (Bristol City Leap) that have included commitments around jobs, training and community energy support as something the Council could emulate (ibid Pg 77). However, these policies are on an ad hoc basis, leading to lack of certainty regarding what the economic benefits are for areas that host net zero projects.
On a national level, the Government is planning to increase the domestic clean energy workforce. They will do this by setting up The Office for Clean Energy Jobs and Skills England to assess regional skills need, and work with the Combined Authorities to ensure this is met through apprenticeships and training (The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan Pg 128). As previously stated, the development of a Sussex and Brighton Combined Authority may give the region strong access to skills training in renewable energy, especially offshore wind. This may provide more direct economic benefits for the area by creating green jobs.
Additionally, the Government is considering reforming the wholesale electricity market, with the potential for implementing zonal pricing, whereby the electricity market would be split into several zones. This would mean that the zones where there is most renewable energy generation would pay lower unit rates for their electricity. This could be another way to bring the benefits of green energy closer to generation sites. However, the Government’s review of the electricity market arrangements is currently hotly debated, and some fear that the introduction of zonal pricing would change the economics of proposed renewable projects and put them in jeopardy. The Government aims to have concluded the development phase of this policy by mid-2025, and to have announced the final decision before the Contracts for Difference Allocation Round 7 Auction opens (The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan Pg 12).
To conclude, the Government has big plans to increase renewable generation all over the country. Of interest to Brighton & Hove is how to ensure that its residents see the benefits, especially regarding nearby generation site, Rampion 2. One method to do this is to extract concessions from the developers, as Brighton & Hove is attempting to do. At a national level, the potential move to zonal energy markets and targeted skills investment could benefit Brighton & Hove if it is able to become a hub for offshore wind development.
Unreliable renewables need gas as a back-up – but reform of the wholesale market by decoupling gas prices will be key to reducing the cost of energy at peak times
Second, UK electricity demand is expected to rise by around 11% by 2030, and to roughly double by 2050 as the UK grid transitions to renewable electricity generation (The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan Pg 11, NESO Pgs 19, 21, Figure 3). Additionally, this demand is going to be more seasonal and spikier, as electrification of heating will lead to demand for heat on particularly cold days.
Figure 2
Changes in consumer electricity demand from 2023 to 2030
Source: NESO Clean Power 2030
As discussed, the UK Government is planning on increasing renewable electricity supply to meet this demand. However, much of this supply will be intermittent, such as wind and solar, which are only able to produce power when conditions are met that we do not have control over. This could potentially pose issues for the UK’s energy security, as renewable supply may be unable to meet demand. This is especially likely at times of peak demand, for example on winter evenings, when we are experiencing adverse weather conditions e.g. in instances of ‘dunkelflaute’, where there is neither wind nor sunlight.
Power systems are built with a ‘reserve margin’ between maximum generating capacity and peak demand. Though there is no agreed figure as to what that margin should be, concern has been raised that the UK may experience crunch points in the run up to 2030, where this margin becomes so small as to compromise energy security.
By 2028, peak demand is estimated to reach 63GW and maximum generating capacity would be around 210-225 GW. However, according to estimates by Public First, ‘the de-rated capacity margin’ would be concerningly low. De-rating describes adjusting the capacity of supply depending on the availability and reliability of each type of generation, e.g. the de-rating factors for nuclear power is estimated to be 78.3% compared to 11.3% for offshore wind (Public First, Pg 7). In 2028, the total-derated capacity at peak times is estimated by Public First to be 68GW, leaving only 5GW of reliable headroom (ibid Pg 12).
However, this report is based on outdated figures and assumes that unabated gas will have a capacity of 17GW in 2030 and not the reported figure of 35 GW in the Clean Power Action Plan. It is unlikely then, that total lack of secure supply will be a problem due to the large amount of gas left as a reserve.
Figure 3
Pricing of energy in UK market
Source: Sustainability by numbers
Nevertheless, reliance on unabated gas to ensure security of supply during periods of low renewable output may be very expensive for the consumer. The UK wholesale energy market is (currently) based on a marginal pricing system: in other words, the price of a unit of electricity is based on the cost of the last source to be ‘turned on’ (the marginal source of electricity), irrespective of how much of it is involved in the energy mix. Thus, reliance on costly gas generation is going to cause the wholesale price of electricity to remain high, regardless of the low cost of running renewable generation.
Reform of the wholesale electricity market by decoupling gas prices will be key to reducing the cost of energy at peak times. On the other hand, gas fired plants must remain an investable proposition if unabated gas is necessary to ensuring security of supply.
For the current moment to maintain security of supply and to reduce the cost to consumers and the Government of costly generation sources, peak demand must be managed to reduce the reliance on gas. In Brighton & Hove, peak demand can be managed by furthering energy efficiency measures and enabling new strategies for consumer-led flexibility.
Increasing supply locally means more solar on domestic properties, but regulation will be needed to mandate investment, especially in the rental sector
A third issue concerns local electricity supply. Though most of the increased generation in the UK’s decarbonised grid will come from large-scale energy infrastructure, DESNZ understands local and community renewable energy as playing a key role due to its ability to deliver local benefits, reduce system losses and drive down bills (The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan Pg 78). In the Clean Power 2030 Action Plan, the Government sets out different opportunities for funding and support available to local renewable deployment:
Great British Energy will be supporting the delivery of the Local Power Plan as one of its five functions. An expected 8GW of power is to come as a result of Great British Energy partnering with and funding Local Authorities, Mayoral Combined Authorities and Community Energy Groups (ibid Pg 78).
The Government will consider introducing finance in the Government’s Warm Homes Plan to support homeowners with the upfront costs of solar panels (as well as energy efficiency improvements and low carbon heating) (ibid Pg 78).
Further details on the Warm Homes Local Grant and Warm Homes Social Housing Fund will be published after the second phase of the Spending Review (ibid pg 79).
Current call for evidence (closing midnight on the 18th of June) on mandating the installation of solar canopies on new outdoor car parks, subject to certain exemptions
The National Wealth Fund’s local authority advisory and lending function has a £4 billion capitalisation. It offers commercial and financial advisory services and lending on flexible terms at market leading rates to Local Authorities developing projects (ibid Pg 79).
In Brighton & Hove, the major increase in local clean energy supply will be coming from a rollout of rooftop solar PV. According to the methodology used in the Decarbonisation Pathways Study, if rooftop solar was fully developed in Brighton & Hove, covering 44% of rooftop areas, this could contribute approximately 670MWp (Megawatt peak) of generation. However, because of various limiting factors (supply chains, electricity infrastructure etc), the Council does not expect to get anywhere near this level of generation. Based on the Leading the Way scenario, the installed capacity of Brighton & Hove will be 74MWp by 2040. The Council is also currently planning a 6.5MWp solar farm, taking the estimated solar deployment up to 80.5MWp, with a cost of £135 million (ibid Pg 54).
The need for funding regarding small scale microgeneration is clearly a point of alignment between national and local Government. Therefore, it is a positive sign that the Government outlined what the main vehicles for funding will be for local Government’s microgeneration projects: Great British Energy’s Local Power Plan, Warm Homes Social Housing Fund, and the National Wealth Fund.
There are key stakeholders in the Brighton & Hove area who will benefit from national funding and advisory services, such as the Council and the various community energy groups in operation in the City (Brighton & Hove Energy Services Co-operative and Brighton Energy Cooperative). Additionally, the recently announced establishment of a Mayoral Combined County Authority in Sussex and Brighton may give the area more political clout in securing funding from private and Government investment bodies: see the Climate:Change report on this topic.
However, the information set out in the Clean Power 2030 Action Plan is vague and not all vehicles for funding are clearly set out. More clarity will be needed in the coming months to ensure that the relevant organisations can secure funding for local renewable projects.
A significant portion of the planned solar PV capacity in Brighton & Hove will be installed on domestic properties (7050 domestic properties vs 577 non-domestic buildings) (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 54). Some of this will be on Council owned domestic properties and the Council is currently planning to install solar on 800 properties, prioritising those with EPC D and below (ibid Pg 52). However, as the estimate for solar installations on Council land (domestic and non-domestic) is only 26.5MWp, a significant number of installations is estimated to be on non-Council domestic properties (ibid Pg 71). For homeowners with viable properties, the benefit of solar installation is clear in their significant cost saving. The key barrier is the upfront cost. The potential addition of financing plans in the Warm Home Plan, and expansion of the scheme in general, would be key to widening the accessibility of solar PV to homeowners in Brighton & Hove.
A limitation is that individuals in Brighton & Hove who reside in privately rented accommodation may fail to be included in the benefits of solar PV. According to Council plans, ‘areas with a high number of privately rented housing are not considered initial priority areas’ (ibid Pg 55). This is because the landlord would be the one to fund the solar installation and yet they are not responsible for the energy bill. There is, therefore, little financial incentive for landlords to install solar PV. This means that a significant portion of Brighton & Hove’s population is not sufficiently considered in national or local solar policy. In 2021, 32.7% of Brighton & Hove’s households were in privately rented accommodation, compared to 20.5% in England. Regulation will be needed to mandate investment, especially in this sector.
Regarding solar microgeneration, the national and local Government plans are aligned regarding a) the need for and importance of local generation, and b) the need for funding or financing options to ensure that solar is accessible. What Brighton & Hove needs from the Government is greater clarity regarding the extent of this funding and the conditions for accessing it.
However, there exists a major omission, at both the national and local level, and that is the ways in which renters are excluded from easy access to the benefits of solar PV. This is especially acute for Brighton & Hove, a city with a significant renter population.
Public support and investment will be needed to encourage and incentivise electric domestic heating and the take-up of electric vehicles
Figure 4
Demand for different energy vectors by demand sector in Brighton & Hove in 2021
Source: Brighton & Hove Decarbonisation Pathways Report
The fourth issue is about managing the transition to electrification at household level. By 2040, there is expected to be an 86% increase in electricity demand in Brighton & Hove, largely for heating and transport (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 7). Currently in Brighton & Hove, roughly 40% of territorial CO2e emissions are domestic, and 30% are to do with transport (ibid Pg 12). The key avenue for decarbonisation, therefore, is shifting away from the roughly 3/4 of domestic energy use which is produced from gas and the almost 100% petroleum used for transport.
The shift from gas to electric heating, specifically efficient forms of electric heating such as heat pumps or heat network deployments in denser City areas, is therefore of clear importance. However, much of this will be undertaken independently of the Council: ‘90% of heat pumps will be installed in private sector properties and 80% of communal or heat network connections will be to private sector properties’ (ibid Pg 9). While the Council can act as an early adopter of electrification in Council-owned properties (demonstrating viability, building supply chains and capacity), it will not be able to play as active a role in the roll out of electric heating in private properties.
Figure 4
2040 EV projection in Brighton & Hove
Source: Brighton & Hove Decarbonisation Pathways Report
Private consumers will also lead the roll out of electric vehicles in Brighton & Hove. Projections indicate that to align with the City’s decarbonisation aims, 29.75% of vehicles driven in Brighton & Hove should be EVs by 2030, and that this should rise to 95.65% by 2040 (ibid Pgs 61-62).
However, there is much Brighton & Hove City Council can do to get the infrastructure in place to allow for this speedy uptake, with the Business-as-Usual Scenario, where EV infrastructure is not built up, projecting only 17.09% take up by 2030 and 36.43% by 2040 (ibid Pg 62). The priority for the Council will be the 2,498 on-street charging points required by 2030, and 5,278 by 2040 (ibid Pg 64). This will build consumer confidence in the uptake of EVs and enable all vehicles to decarbonise. There is additional need for charging points to achieve almost total EV usage by 2040 described in the table below (ibid Pg 67).
Table 1
Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Summary
Source: Brighton & Hove Decarbonisation Pathways Study
Managing demand: smart appliance rollout and domestic retrofit is key to reducing consumer bills in the long term
The fifth issue concerns the management of demand for electricity. To reduce peak demand, and the potential financial burden this will place on consumers and the grid, energy efficiency measures will be an important part of the energy transition. Currently, 72% of the domestic stock in Brighton & Hove has an EPC of D or below (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 17). Also, 25% have very poor wall insulation.
Holding all else equal, better domestic insulation would decrease emissions and energy costs for households, while keeping homes just as warm. Furthermore, this would be impactful across the nation; if all 13 million homes in England were insulated to EPC C, this would reduce national and peak electricity demand by 8% (Public First, Pg 23).
Whilst the Council has the capacity to fund these changes for its own housing stock, as it is currently doing with 88% of Council properties having an EPC C or above, ‘95% of fabric improvements will need to take place in privately owned homes and 70% in privately owned non-domestic buildings’ (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 9)
The total cost of domestic retrofit in the most accelerated decarbonisation pathway comes to £1,018 million with only £47.7 million being for domestic properties owned by Brighton & Hove City Council (ibid pg 30). Therefore, the Council is constrained regarding domestic retrofit, relegated to transforming its own stock of properties and acting as an early adopter and spreader of information.
The Clean Power Plan states that it will consider financing options for retrofit works in the Warm Homes Plan (The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan Pg 14), and Brighton & Hove City Council have already identified ‘the Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund, the Great Britain Insulation Scheme and the Home Upgrade Grant 2’ as potential streams of assistance for homeowners (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 73).
Consumer-led demand flexibility is another lever to reduce costs to the consumer and manage demand at peak times. DESNZ expects that, by 2030 there will be 10-12GW of consumer-led flexibility capacity, the key driver being EV smart charging at super off-peak times (The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan Pg 98). To facilitate this, the Government is taking these actions:
Ofgem to review the market-wide half-hourly settlement programme delivery model by the end of FY24/25, to ensure energy suppliers can incentivise consumers to be flexible (ibid Pg 101).
Introducing new Guaranteed Standards of Performance relating to smart metering in 2025 (ibid Pg 102).
Ofgem will consider reform on the Maximum Resale Price to prevent private EV charging landlords from increasing the costs of charging to be unduly expensive (ibidPg 102).
Roll out of Energy Smart Appliances (EV smart chargers, Heat Pumps and Domestic Batteries) (ibid Pg 100).
Consumer-led flexibility can be of great benefit to consumers and massively decrease their electricity bills, especially when this is paired with Energy Smart Appliances. The main point of alignment between the national and local Government plans is understanding that smart appliance rollout and domestic retrofit is key to reduce consumer bills in the long term.
The over-riding problem of just transition: tackling inequality and energy poverty
Finally, inequality and energy poverty. The costs of domestic retrofit and the installation of low carbon technologies will largely fall to private homeowners. The richest households are those that are willing and able to bear these upfront costs, and also those that will see the most financial benefits from early adoption. Those who can spend the initial capital outlay to retrofit their property, install solar panels and a battery, install a heat pump, buy an electric vehicle, and install a smart home charging point will very quickly see a return on this investment. Government plans to, potentially, expand the Warm Homes Plan to include financing options for retrofit works and batteries will certainly help lower income homeowners also share in these benefits. However, the issue of accessibility is significant.
This is especially the case when energy poverty and inequality are considered. 13.2% of households in Brighton & Hove are, as of 2022, living in fuel poverty (Decarbonisation Pathways Study Pg 20). This means that the switch to electric heating is likely to increase energy bills even further due to the relative pricing of gas and electric. Additionally, the rollout of measures to minimise this e.g. domestic retrofit and solar PV, add an additional expense.
Therefore, although the national and local Government’s plans align on the need to roll out electrification, there is little clear funding for those who need it most. For many, due to the current arrangements of the energy market, increased electrification would pose additional financial burden.
For the 7th Carbon Budget paper, a citizen’s panel was convened to explore an accessible and affordable vision of Net Zero. Upfront costs were seen as key, and much more important than overall savings for household affordability. Additionally, although people generally accepted the idea that higher-income households may make bigger savings, policies that penalised those with limited choice to switch were seen as unacceptable (CCC Pg 305). Therefore, ensuring that the most vulnerable are not left behind is something that is not discussed nearly enough by national and local Governments. Public funding will be essential in this regard.
Conclusion
Brighton & Hove’s plans to achieve a Net Zero energy system by roughly 2040 align in terms of timeline, scale, and ambition, with the Government’s aim to decarbonise the grid by 2030. By accelerating the decarbonisation of the grid, the Government will create the necessary power system for electrification at the local level. Additionally, the Government has outlined avenues of funding for Local and Combined Authorities, to provide the needed capital through which the electrification of heating and transport can occur.
However, there are potential areas of conflict between the local and national level regarding the benefits of renewable generation sites and more must be done to ensure that the positive effects are felt in the local community.
Additionally, the high proportion of private renters in Brighton & Hove, as well as the issue of energy inequality, means that many of the most vulnerable in the City will be penalised by the inability to fund electrification of their homes and cars. Work must be done to ensure a just transition in Brighton & Hove is an absolute priority for the City.
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Rebecca Tekleyesus works on energy in Brighton and Hove
Perspective pieces are the responsibility of the authors, and do not commit Climate:Change in any way.